Agronomy is a core branch of agricultural science that focuses on the principles and practices of crop production and soil management. It deals with a wide range of crops including cereals (such as rice, wheat, and maize), pulses (like lentils and chickpeas), oilseeds (such as mustard and groundnut), forage crops (like alfalfa and grasses), and others vital to food and nutritional security. This discipline integrates knowledge from various fields such as soil science, plant physiology, meteorology, and ecology to ensure sustainable and profitable crop production. Agronomists aim to optimize the interaction between soil, water, crops, and climate to develop efficient and environmentally sound farming systems.

Soil and Water Management: Ensuring proper irrigation techniques, drainage systems, and soil fertility through organic and inorganic inputs.